{"id":60051,"date":"2016-06-13T05:01:59","date_gmt":"2016-06-12T23:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.telugu360.com\/?p=60051"},"modified":"2017-04-06T03:49:28","modified_gmt":"2017-04-06T03:49:28","slug":"six-things-americans-know-mass-shootings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.telugu360.com\/six-things-americans-know-mass-shootings\/","title":{"rendered":"Six things Americans should know about mass shootings"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/frederic-lemieux-147315\">Frederic Lemieux<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/george-washington-university\">George Washington University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>America has experienced yet another mass shooting. This time at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2016\/06\/12\/481744095\/police-say-multiple-victims-after-shooting-at-orlando-nightclub\">the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida<\/a>. It is the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.<\/p>\n<p>As a criminologist, I have reviewed recent research in hopes of debunking some of the common misconceptions I hear creeping into discussions that spring up whenever a mass shooting occurs.<\/p>\n<h2>#1: More guns don\u2019t make you safer<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sascv.org\/ijcjs\/pdfs\/Lemieuxijcjys2014vol9issue1.pdf\">A study<\/a> I conducted on mass shootings indicated that this phenomenon is not limited to the United States.<\/p>\n<p>Mass shootings also took place in 25 other wealthy nations between 1983 and 2013, but the number of mass shootings in the United States far surpasses that of any other country included in the study during the same period of time.<\/p>\n<p>The US had 78 mass shootings during that 30-year period.<\/p>\n<p>The highest number of mass shootings experienced outside the United States was in Germany \u2013 where seven shootings occurred.<\/p>\n<p>In the other 24 industrialized countries taken together, 41 mass shootings took place.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, the US had nearly double the number of mass shootings than all other 24 countries combined in the same 30-year period.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/wdas8\/1\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"560\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Another significant finding is that mass shootings and gun ownership rates are highly correlated. The higher the gun ownership rate, the more a country is susceptible to experiencing mass shooting incidents. This association remains high even when the number of incidents from the United States is withdrawn from the analysis.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/pvLFI\/1\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"780\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Similar results have been found <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/gsh\/pdfs\/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf\">by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime<\/a>, which states that countries with higher levels of firearm ownership also have higher firearm homicide rates.<\/p>\n<p>My study also shows a strong correlation between mass shooting casualties and overall death by firearms rates. However, in this last analysis, the relation seems to be mainly driven by the very high number of deaths by firearms in the United States. The relation disappears when the United States is withdrawn from the analysis.<\/p>\n<h2>#2: Shootings are more frequent<\/h2>\n<p>A <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/features\/mass-public-shootings-increasing-in-us\/\">recent study<\/a> published by the Harvard Injury Control Research Center shows that the frequency of mass shooting is increasing over time. The researchers measured the increase by calculating the time between the occurrence of mass shootings. According to the research, the days separating mass shooting occurrence went from on average 200 days during the period of 1983 to 2011 to 64 days since 2011.<\/p>\n<p>What is most alarming with mass shootings is the fact that this increasing trend is moving in the opposite direction of overall intentional homicide rates in the US, which decreased by almost <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/05\/07\/gun-homicide-rate-down-49-since-1993-peak-public-unaware\/\">50% since 1993<\/a> and in Europe where intentional homicides decreased by 40% between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/statistics\/crime\/ACONF222_4_e_V1500369.pdf\">2003 and 2013<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>#3: Restricting sales works<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/104194\/width754\/image-20151203-6952-532f6k.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Police secure the area near a mass shooting in San Bernardino, California, December 2 2015.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Mario Anzuoni\/REUTERS<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Due to the Second Amendment, the United States has permissive gun licensing laws. This is in contrast to most developed countries, which have restrictive laws.<\/p>\n<p>According to a seminal work by criminologists <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=07305x0AAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=07305x0AAAAJ:ufrVoPGSRksC\">George Newton and Franklin Zimring<\/a>, permissive gun licensing laws refer to a system in which all but specially prohibited groups of persons can purchase a firearm. In such a system, an individual does not have to justify purchasing a weapon; rather, the licensing authority has the burden of proof to deny gun acquisition.<\/p>\n<p>By contrast, restrictive gun licensing laws refer to a system in which individuals who want to purchase firearms must demonstrate to a licensing authority that they have valid reasons to get a gun \u2013 like using it on a shooting range or going hunting \u2013 and that they demonstrate \u201cgood character.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The type of gun law adopted has important impacts. Countries with more restrictive gun licensing laws show fewer deaths by firearms and a lower gun ownership rate.<\/p>\n<h2>#4: Historical comparisons may be flawed<\/h2>\n<p>Beginning in 2008, the FBI used a <a>narrow definition<\/a> of mass shootings. They limited mass shootings to incidents where an individual \u2013 or in rare circumstances, more than one \u2013 \u201ckills four or more people in a single incident (not including the shooter), typically in a single location.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 2013, the FBI <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/news\/stories\/2014\/september\/fbi-releases-study-on-active-shooter-incidents\/pdfs\/a-study-of-active-shooter-incidents-in-the-u.s.-between-2000-and-2013\">changed its definition<\/a>, moving away from \u201cmass shootings\u201d toward identifying an \u201cactive shooter\u201d as \u201can individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area.\u201d This change means the agency now includes incidents in which fewer than four people die, but in which several are injured, like this 2014 shooting in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2014\/05\/09\/twenty-of-us-were-shot-on-mother-s-day-but-new-orleans-dropped-the-attempted-murder-charges.html\">New Orleans<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This change in definition impacted directly the number of cases included in studies and affected the comparability of studies conducted before and after 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Even more troubling, <a href=\"http:\/\/dropbox.curry.com\/ShowNotesArchive\/2013\/12\/NA-576-2013-12-22\/Assets\/War%20on%20Crazy\/Homicide%20Studies-2013.pdf\">some researchers<\/a> on mass shooting, like Northeastern University <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/10\/15\/mass-shootings-tripled_n_5992702.html\">criminologist James Alan Fox<\/a>, have incorporated in their studies several types of multiple homicides that cannot be defined as mass shooting: for instance, familicide (a form of domestic violence) and gang murders.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of familicide, victims are exclusively family members and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jaapl.org\/content\/8\/3\/298.full.pdf\">not random<\/a> bystanders.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/App\/publications\/abstract.aspx?ID=97687\">Gang murders<\/a> are usually crime for profit or a punishment for rival gangs or a member of the gang who is an informer. Such homicides don\u2019t belong in <a href=\"http:\/\/hsx.sagepub.com\/content\/early\/2013\/11\/27\/1088767913510297\">the analysis<\/a> of mass shootings.<\/p>\n<h2>#5: Not all mass shootings are terrorism<\/h2>\n<p>Journalists <a href=\"http:\/\/baltimorepostexaminer.com\/mass-shootings-are-homegrown-terrorism\/2015\/10\/04\">sometimes describe<\/a> mass shooting as a form of domestic terrorism. This connection may be misleading.<\/p>\n<p>There is no doubt that mass shootings are \u201cterrifying\u201d and \u201cterrorize\u201d the community where they have happened. However, not all active shooters involved in mass shooting have a political message or cause.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the church shooting in Charleston, South Carolina in June 2015 was a hate crime but was not judged <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/25071\/reason-dylann-roof-charged-terrorism\/\">by the federal government<\/a> to be a terrorist act.<\/p>\n<p>The majority of active shooters are linked to mental health issues, bullying and disgruntled employees. Active shooters may be motivated by a variety of personal or political motivations, usually not aimed at weakening government legitimacy. Frequent motivations are revenge or a quest for power.<\/p>\n<h2>#6: Background checks work<\/h2>\n<p>In <a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/canada-australia-japan-britain-gun-control-2013-1\">most restrictive background checks<\/a> performed in developed countries, citizens are required to train for gun handling, obtain a license for hunting or provide proof of membership to a shooting range.<\/p>\n<p>Individuals must prove that they do not belong to any \u201cprohibited group,\u201d such as the mentally ill, criminals, children or those at high risk of committing violent crime, such as individuals with a police record of threatening the life of another.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s the bottom line. With these provisions, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sascv.org\/ijcjs\/pdfs\/Lemieuxijcjs2014vol9issue1.pdf\">most US active shooters<\/a> would have been denied the purchase of a firearm.<\/p>\n<p><em>Editor\u2019s note: this piece was updated on June 12, 2016. It was originally published on Dec. 3, 2015.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/48934\/count.gif\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/frederic-lemieux-147315\">Frederic Lemieux<\/a>, Professor and Program Director of Bachelor in Police and Security Studies; Master\u2019s in Security and Safety Leadership; Master\u2019s in Strategic Cyber Operations and Information Management, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/george-washington-university\">George Washington University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/six-things-americans-should-know-about-mass-shootings-48934\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Frederic Lemieux, George Washington University America has experienced yet another mass shooting. This time at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida. It is the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history. As a criminologist, I have reviewed recent research in hopes of debunking some of the common misconceptions I hear creeping into discussions that spring up [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":60054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Six things Americans should know about mass shootings - Telugu360<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.telugu360.com\/six-things-americans-know-mass-shootings\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Six things Americans should know about mass shootings - Telugu360\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Frederic Lemieux, George Washington University America has experienced yet another mass shooting. 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